*** Social pressure messages (such as pointing out that whether individuals vote is a public record) increase the effect of civic-duty GOTV mailings by between 1 and 2 percent. However, more confrontational social pressure approaches (such as listing a person’s voting record alongside neighbors’ voting records) can result in backlash. See the Messaging category at the end of the GOTV section below. (Green & Gerber, 2023) (Loewenstein, J., Newby, R.)
