Following Green & Gerber,this section is not rated by level of confidence. These statements are unrated impressions from a growing body of research.
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Robocalls

*** “Robocalls have a weak effect on voter turnout,” in the range of 1 voter per 400 voters in studies reviewed involving 1 million voters.

(Green & Gerber, 2023) (Loewenstein, J., Newby, R.)

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