The Effect of Handwritten Postcards on Turnout in the 2023 Ohio Special Election
Can voter interventions sometimes negatively impact voter turnout?
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Billboards

**“Billboards appear to mobilize voters living in the immediate vicinity,” with larger impact in low-salience elections than high-salience elections, as with other intervention methods in general.

(Green & Gerber, 2023) (Loewenstein, J. & Newby, R.)